Amūrtaḥ: 2021

Greek-Buddhist art

Greek-Buddhist art is the result of Greek cultural influence on the Indian subcontinent, a process that began with the invasion of India by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BCE. Following the Macedonian leader's death, his empire was fragmented and divided among his generals, who in turn established their own dynasties within their respective territories. The region of Bactria—modern-day Afghanistan—saw the emergence of a Greco-Indian civilization that endured for nearly four centuries. A succession of Greek kingdoms rose and fell on the Indian subcontinent; some of their rulers, such as the Greco-Bactrian King Demetrius I, are remembered to this day thanks to archaeological discoveries of bronze coins bearing his likeness. Others made history through the grandeur of their kingdoms and their conversion to Buddhism—events recorded in the religion's canonical texts. The *Milinda Panha*, for instance, documents the dialogues between the Greek King Menander I of Gandhara—known to Indians as Milinda, King of the Yonakas (Ionians)—and the sage Nagasena regarding Buddhist doctrinal themes. Greek influence also extended to the Mauryan dynasty, founded by Chandragupta Maurya (who had fought alongside Alexander). His grandson, the great King Ashoka, converted to Buddhism and spread the faith throughout his realm and beyond through the work of missionaries. Buddhist iconography itself was influenced by Greek-inspired artistic themes, such as the standing Buddha depicted in an Apollonian pose and clad in a *himation*. In some of these sculptures and high-reliefs, Shakyamuni appears under the protection of Heracles, the Greek hero. Greco-Buddhist art became firmly established in the Gandhara region of present-day Pakistan, and its distinctive characteristics can be found in the art of Southeast Asia.

Amūrtaḥ

domingo, 21 de fevereiro de 2021

Arte greco-budista XXVIII